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				<p class="content-title">Revolution in Care</p>
				
				<ol type="I">
					<li><strong>eHealth</strong></li>					
					<p class="paragraph">eHealth is a recent term applied to healthcare practices that uses electronic and communication process to provide services. 
					Today, it is also applicable to practices that use health applications and links using the internet, not only on personal computers
					but also on mobile phones.</p>

					<p class="paragraph">Some forms of eHealth:</p>					
					<ul class="paragraph disc">	
						<li><strong>mHealth or m-Health</strong></li>	
						<p class="paragraph">mHealth is a healthcare service that uses mobile communication technology for modern information and communication technologies
						(ICTs) are not entirely applicable in resource-poor settings; and mobile phones are the first ICT to reach such area. </p>
						
						<li><strong>Electronic Health Record</strong></li>
						<p class="paragraph">The Electronic Health Record (EHR) is a patient information electronic record generated and controlled by doctors or a medical 
						specialist. EHR can produce a complete record of a patient encounter and other related activities via interface. It contains the 
						following patient’s information: </p>
						<ul class="paragraph">
							<li>Demographics</li>
							<li>Progress notes</li>
							<li>Problems</li>
							<li>Medications</li>
							<li>Vital signs</li>
							<li>Past medical history</li>
							<li>Immunizations</li>
							<li>Laboratory data</li>
							<li>Radiology reports</li>
						</ul></br>
						<p class="paragraph">Benefits of EHR: </p>
						<ul class="paragraph">
							<li>Improve quality and convenience of patient care</li>
							<li>Increase patient participation in their care</li>
							<li>Improve accuracy of diagnoses and health outcomes</li>
							<li>Improve care coordination</li>
							<li>Increase practice efficiencies and cost savings</li>
						</ul></br>						
						
						<li><strong>Personal Health Record (PHR)</strong></li>	
						<p class="paragraph">The Personal Health Record (PHR) is a patient information record wherein the patient decides what to include in the 
						health record. It contains the following information: </p>	
						<ul class="paragraph">
							<li>Primary care doctor's name and phone number</li>
							<li>Allergies, including drug allergies</li>
							<li>Medications, including dosages</li>
							<li>Chronic health problems, such as high blood pressure</li>
							<li>Major surgeries, with dates</li>
							<li>Living will or advance directives</li>
						</ul></br>
						<p class="paragraph">Patient can also include additional informations, such as: </p>	
						<ul class="paragraph">
							<li>Results of screening tests</li>
							<li>Cholesterol level and blood pressure</li>
							<li>Exercise and dietary habits</li>
							<li>Health goals, such as stopping smoking or losing weight</li>
						</ul></br>
						<p class="paragraph">Benefits of PHR: </p>	
						<ul class="paragraph">
							<li>Enable to track health progress</li>
							<li>Able to organize questions and information for your doctor’s queries</li>
							<li>Manage health data and doctor’s instructions</li>
							<li>Organize appointments, vaccinations, and other health services.</li>
						</ul></br>

						<li><strong>Electronic Medical Record (EMR)</strong></li>	
						<p class="paragraph">The Electronic Medical Record (EMR) is a patient information record containing medical history in one practice. It 
						is used by doctors and clinicians for diagnosis and treatment of the patient. The information is not easily shared with
						other practices and clinicians but the patient’s record can be received by the specialists and members of same team by print
						out and delivered by mail. EMR is different from EHR is that EHR contains a more comprehensive patient history compared with
						EMR that only contains the standard medical and clinical data. EHR can be managed by more than one health care organization 
						and, unlike EMR, it allows the a patient’s health record to move with the clinician to other specialists. </p>	
						<p class="paragraph">Benefits of EMR: </p>
						<ul class="paragraph">
							<li>Enable to track data over time</li>
							<li>Enable to track patients if they are due for preventive visits and screenings</li>
							<li>Monitors vaccinations and blood pressure readings</li>
							<li>Improves overall quality of care in a practice</li>
						</ul></br>
						
						<li><strong>ePrescribing</strong></li>
						<p class="paragraph">Electronic prescribing (ePrescribing or e-Prescribing) is an application that electronically writes and sends prescriptions 
						provided by physicians and other medical practitioners to a participating pharmacy. An ePrescribing system usually serves as an
						electronic reference handbook. In a sophisticated level, an ePrescribing system can act as stand-alone prescription writer which
						does the following: </p>
						<ul class="paragraph">
							<li>Create prescriptions for individual patients</li>
							<li>Manage medications</li>
							<li>View patient history</li>
						</ul></br>
						<p class="paragraph">The U.S. government’s Electronic Prescribing Incentive Program the use of a qualified e-prescribing system for it provides 
						2% reimbursement in Medicare Part B charges for the medical practice. A qualified e-prescribing should be capable of transmitting
						prescriptions electronically, must able to warn prescribers of potential allergic reactions and inform the physician of generic 
						alternatives, among other functionality. </p>
						
						<li><strong>Telemedicine</strong></li>	
						<p class="paragraph">Telemedicine is an application used to deliver clinical care by transferring through phone or internet the patient’s medical 
						information for consultation and medical procedures or examinations. Lately, satellite technology and video-conferencing equipment
						are used for conducting real-time consultation. </p>						
						<p class="paragraph">Types of Telemedicine: </p>
						<ol class="paragraph">
							<li><strong><i>Store-and-forward</i></strong></li>
							<ul class="paragraph">
								<li>Collects the patient’s medical data and sends it to a medical specialist at a convenient time.</li>
								<li>Does not require both parties be present simultaneously.</li>
								<li>An alternative for physical examination; specialists rely on audio/video information and history report.</li>
							</ul>
							<li><strong><i>Remote monitoring</i></strong></li>
							<ul class="paragraph">
								<li>Managing and monitoring a specific condition of the patient remotely by using different technological devices.</li>
							</ul>
							<li><strong><i>Interactive</i></strong></li>
							<ul class="paragraph">
								<li>Simultaneous interaction between patient and provider and includes phone conversations, online communication and home visits.</li>
							</ul></br>
						</ol>
						
						<li><strong>Telehealth</strong></li>
						<p class="paragraph">Telehealth, defined by Health Resources Services Administration, “as the use of electronic information and telecommunication 
						technologies to support long-distance clinical health care, patient and professional health-related education, public health and
						health administration. Technologies include videoconferencing, the internet, store-and-forward imaging, streaming media, and
						terrestrial and wireless communications.” Telehealth offers, not only a broader scope of remote healthcare services than telemedicine,
						it also has non-clinical services such as provider training, administrative meetings, and continual medical education. </p>
						
						<li><strong>Consumer health informatics</strong></li>										
						<p class="paragraph">Consumer Health Informatics concerns with patient-focused informatics, health literacy, and consumer education.  It focuses health 
						information structures and consumer management processes. Consumer informatics stands at the crossroads of other disciplines, such 
						as nursing informatics, public health, health promotion, health education, library science, and communication science. </p>
						
						<li><strong>Virtual healthcare teams</strong></li>
						<p class="paragraph">Virtual healthcare teams consist of healthcare professionals who collaborate and share information on patients through 
						digital equipment (for transmural care); </p>
						<p class="paragraph">What the Virtual Team in Health Care Does: </p>
						<ul class="paragraph">
							<li>Focus on patients with chronic disease</li>
							<li>Connects physicians with other professions they would otherwise not know or work with consistently</li>
							<li>Provides services that patients might not otherwise receive</li>
							<li>Keeps all team members informed on how patients are doing</li>
						</ul></br>
						<p class="paragraph">The virtual team process has four tools: </p>
						<ul class="paragraph">
							<li>Standardized processes for patient care</li>
							<li>Communication protocols</li>
							<li>Patient self­management</li>
							<li>Group activities – patient education</li>
						</ul></br>
					</ul>
					
					<li><strong>Medical Tourism</strong></li>
					<p class="paragraph">Medical Tourism is a practice of travelling another country to acquire health care services in that country. Services sought 
					for in this practice are elective procedures and also complex specialized surgeries such as:</p>
					<ul class="paragraph">	
						<li>Joint replacement (knee/hip)</li>
						<li>Cardiac surgery</li>
						<li>Dental surgery</li>
						<li>Cosmetic surgeries</li>
					</ul></br>
					<p class="paragraph">Most medical tourists came from first world countries avails these practice for lack of health care option locally. Medical
					Tourism has some disadvantages such as ethical issues and some destination hazards yet many tourist avail it for the following reasons:</p>
					<ul class="paragraph">	
						<li>Cost consideration</li>
						<li>Treatment is not legal on home country</li>
					</ul></br>
					<p class="paragraph">According to News Medical: “over 50 countries have identified medical tourism as a national industry and Popular medical
					travel worldwide destinations include: Argentina, Brunei, Cuba, Colombia, Costa Rica, Hong Kong, Hungary, India, Jordan, Lithuania, 
					Malaysia, The Philippines, Singapore, South Africa, Thailand, and recently, Saudi Arabia, UAE, South Korea, Tunisia and New Zealand.”</p>
						
					<li><strong>Pharmacy Benefit Management</strong></li>
					<p class="paragraph">Pharmacy Benefit Management is a third party administrator of prescription drug programs and work with self-insured  companies and 
					government programs in reducing pharmacy expenses at the same time improving health care outcomes. PBM is responsible for formulary 
					development and maintenance, negotiations with pharmacies and drug manufacturers for discounts and rebates, and processing and paying
					prescription drug claims. Information about tablet splitting, mail order service, and evaluating clinical programs for large populations 
					are some of the information provided by PBM to help control prescription costs.</p>
					<p class="paragraph">The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) describes the PBM competition in the market as “vigorous” for in the United States alone there 
					are about 60 PBMs and they compete to win business by offering a range of sophisticated administrative and clinically based services 
					to their clients. </p>
					<p class="paragraph">In 2012,the five largest PBMs were: </p>
					<ol class="paragraph">
						<li>Express Scripts (acquired Medco Health Solutions)</li>
						<li>CVS Caremark</li>
						<li>Prime Therapeutics, a PBM owned by and operated for a collection of state Blue Cross Blue Shield plans</li>
						<li>OptumRx, the PBM business unit of UnitedHealth Group</li>
						<li>Catamaran Corporation (SXC + Catalyst)</li>
					</ol>
				</ol>
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